Antimicrobial Resistance in Humans, Animals, Water and Household Environs in Rural Andean Peru: Exploring Dissemination Pathways through the One Health Lens

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, especially for low and middle-income countries (LMIC) where the threat has not been fully identified. Our study aims to describe E. coli AMR in rural communities expand our knowledge on bacterial contamination. Specifically, we aim identify potential dissemination routes of AMR-carrying bacteria humans (children’s stools), community water sources (reservoirs household sources), environments (yard soil) domestic animals subsistence farmers Andean areas. cross-sectional was conducted households region Cajamarca, Peru. A total 266 samples were collected. Thirty-four point six percent reservoir 45% source positive thermotolerant coliforms. Of samples, 92.8% coli, 30.8% displayed at least one antibiotic, with highest tetracycline. found 57.1% sources, 18.6% these isolates multidrug-resistant, tetracycline (31.3%). Among from children’s drinking source, 32.5% coliforms, them coli. One third multidrug-resistant (41.6%) ampicillin (25%). Thermotolerant coliforms all soil 43.3% 34.3% (25.7%). We determined 97.5% child feces samples; 45.3% 15.9% multidrug resistance, (34.1%). identified 67.5% animal samples. those, 38.7% 37.7% resistant antibiotic. For prevalence antibiotic Klebsiella spp. almost 43% MDR same nearly 9%, yet latter doubled (15.9%) stools. results provide preliminary evidence critical pathways interconnectedness animal, human environmental transmission but molecular analysis needed track properly.